The idea of taxing those owning multiple houses, in a bid to prevent speculation, is causing a stir over whether such a tax is feasible, and the impact it might have on the housing market.
The market has recently been heated, following the disclosure that the finance ministry was studying a draft on collecting a housing tax from those owning more than one house. The idea was also raised five years ago, but rejected.
Although director of the finance ministry’s Department of Tax Policy Phạm Đình Thi recently said that the idea was a long-term orientation and would certainly not come into effect next year, as rumoured, it caused concerns among industry experts over its feasibility, as well as the impact it might have on the property market.
According to Lê Hoàng Châu, president of HCM City Real Estate Association, taxing those owning multiple houses would be a solution to prevent speculation, as well as reducing the risk of causing market bubbles.
“The tax would help not only improve the market’s transparency, but also create opportunities for those who had real demands to buy houses,” Châu said.
“How to tax properly will not be an easy matter,” Châu said.
International practices
Tax-related tools to regulate the realty market have been used in many countries and territories, such as mainland China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Singapore, European countries and the US.
According to Châu, Singapore was one among the countries which imposed the highest taxes on owning multiple houses, up to 7 per cent on a second house and 10 per cent on a third house, which came into effect in 2013.
In Japan, tax rates were 1.4 per cent to 2.1 per cent, and prices were set at market prices, which were reviewed every three years.
In the UK, second property assets with a value of more than 40,000 pounds (US$49,000) would be taxed an additional 3 per cent, while those valued at more than 1.5 million pounds would be taxed up to 15 per cent.
In Korea, different tax rates were given to different types of property, such as 0.25 per cent on apartments and 4 per cent on villas.
In Việt Nam, there were taxes on land use, but no tax on property assets.
According to the Law on Non-Agricultural Land Use Tax, in effect from the beginning of 2013, residential land in urban areas was taxed between 0.03 per cent to 0.15 per cent of the Government’s land prices. A problem, however, was caused by the Government’s land prices, which were much lower than market prices, so the impact on the property market was modest.
Worries
Several property experts agreed with the idea of taxing those owning multiple houses.
According to Châu, imposing taxes on second houses would help reduce speculation and property prices would decrease as a result, forcing property developers to improve their products to meet market demands.
“With the aim of first preventing speculation, the tax would, in the long term, stablise housing prices and improve market transparency,” Châu said.
However, Châu noted that tax rates should be considered carefully and calculated based upon property asset values and total area.
The tax should not be applied on social houses, relocation houses and commercial houses valued at less than VNĐ1 billion, according to Châu.
“It’s important to ensure fairness,” he said, adding that finding a method to clarify ownership of multiple houses to be subject for the tax was also a matter of concern.
Economic expert Trần Du Lịch said that the tax should be applied, in line with international practices. “Property asset taxes would become the major revenue of urban areas, where land is limited,” Lịch added.
According to economic expert Lê Bá Chi Nhân, the finance ministry should pay attention to that policy, if applied, since it could cause the market to become depressed if people would be hesitant to purchase another house, especially when the market was showing signs of slowing down.
Nguyễn Văn Đực, deputy director of Đất Lành Real Estate Company, said he did not agree with the idea of imposing taxes on second house. He noted that when buying houses, buyers now pay value added taxes and land use fees, which were estimated to add 20-30 per cent to the cost.
In addition, the property market of Việt Nam was not transparent enough to apply this type of asset tax, he said